Oedemasia concinna – Parasitized

During a caterpillar hunt in mid-September at Don Robinson State Park, I came across a redbud leaf with a number of mummified Oedemasia concinna (red-humped caterpillar moth) caterpillars. These cats all appeared to be dead and were wrapped in what looks like their own silk. After close inspection, I could not find any exit holes that the potential parasitoid would have made. So, I collected the leaf and the baker’s dozen of these hosts and took them home to hopefully rear the parasitoids.

Parasitized Oedemasia concinna (red-humped caterpillar). This species is gregarious as early instars.
A closeup of one of the unfortunate caterpillars.

About three days later I checked the container that held these guys. To my surprise every single parasitoid had emerged from their hosts. In this case, the natural enemy is the Ichneumonid parasitoid, Hyposoter fugitivus. In the following images you can see the tiny wasps that have emerged from the even tinier caterpillars.

Here are some closeups of the wasps.

Finally, a photo of the gorgeous caterpillar they may have become if not for these natural enemies…

Oedemasia concinna (red-humped caterpillar) found at Tyson Research Center, St. Louis County, MO.

2025 Caterpillar Season – Skiff Moth

Skiff Moth
Prolimacodes badia fam. Limacodidae (Hodges#4671)
Host plant(s): Found on chinquapin oak (Quercus muehlenbergii)
Date(s) and location(s): 31 August, 2025 – Tyson Research Center, St. Louis County, MO
Notes: This poor cat is host to a tachinid fly larvae. A closeup image is included showing the egg as well as the larvae that has pierced the skin of the caterpillar in order to breath.

2025 Caterpillar Season – Oblique Heterocampa

Oblique Heterocampa
Heterocampa obliqua fam. Notodontidae (Hodges#7983)
Host plant(s): Found on chinquapin oak (Quercus muehlenbergii)
Date(s) and location(s): 13 September, 2025 – Tyson Research Center, St. Louis County, MO
Notes: An oak specialist.

2025 Caterpillar Season – Harvey’s Prominent

Harvey’s Prominent
Litodonta hydromeli fam. Notodontidae (Hodges#7968)
Host plant(s): Found on gum bumelia (Sideroxylon lanuginosum)
Date(s) and location(s): 30 August, 2025 – Tyson Research Center, St. Louis County
Notes: Found primarily in Texas and Oklahoma, this species northeastern range limit appears to be the St. Louis area.

2025 Caterpillar Season – Delicate Cycnia

Delicate Cycnia Moth
Cycnia tenera fam. Erebidae (Hodges#8230)
Host plant(s): Found on dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum)
Date(s) and location(s): 30 August, 2025 – Tyson Research Center, St. Louis County
Notes: This species is a specialist on dogbane and milkweed (Apocynaceae). Adult moths have been observed to produce clicking sounds during flight in response to receiving echolocation signals from bats. It has been shown that these clicking responses led to a lower rate of predation from bats. This may be due to an aposematic warning signal due to the accumulation of cardenolides and cardiac glycoside from their larval host plants, or the clicking noise response may be interfering with the bats echolocation during the hunt.

2025 Caterpillar Season – Crowned Slug Moth

Crowned Slug Moth
Isa textula fam. Limacodidae (Hodges#4681)
Host plant(s): Found on sassafras, northern red oak, redbud
Date(s) and location(s): 31 August, 19-September, 2025 – Tyson Research Center, St. Louis County, MO; 27 September, 2025 – Caney Mountain Conservation Area, Ozark County, MO
Notes: By far the most numerous Limacodid I found in 2025.

2025 Caterpillar Season – Wavy-lined Prominent

Wavy-lined Prominent
Cecrita biundata fam. Notodontidae (Hodges#7995)
Host plant(s): not recorded
Date(s) and location(s): 30 August, 2025 – Tyson Research Center, St. Louis County, MO
Notes: Click here to view adult of this species

2025 Caterpillar Season – Giant Leopard Moth

Giant Leopard Moth
Hypercompe scribonia fam. Erebidae (Hodges#8146)
Host plant(s): younger instar – white vervain (Verbena urticifolia); final instar – wandering
Date(s) and location(s): 30 August, 2025 – Tyson Research Center, St. Louis County, MO; 27 September, 2025 – Caney Mountain Conservation Area, Ozark County, MO
Notes: This spiney species contains no venom. Other than some minor prickling, these can be handled without worry. This is a highly polyphagous species, feeding on several families of woody plants and forbs. Caterpillars of this species overwinter and will pupate the following spring.

2025 Caterpillar Species – Hackberry Emperor

Hackberry Emperor
Asterocampa celtis fam. Nymphalidae (Hodges#4557)
Host plant(s): Found on hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)
Date(s) and location(s): 31 August, 2025 – Tyson Research Center, St. Louis County, MO
Notes: This species is generally considered as bivoltine, meaning there are two broods per season. The second generation overwinters as caterpillars. Third-instar caterpillars climb down their trees to spend the winter hidden in hibernacula (leaf shelters) that they create among the leaf litter. The following spring they climb back to the treetops to complete their lifecycle with the newly emerged leaves.

2025 Caterpillar Season – Spicebush Swallowtail

Spicebush Swallowtail
Papilio troilus fam. Papilinoidae (Hodges#4181)
Host plant(s): Found on sassafras (Sassafras albidum) and spicebush (Lindera benzoin)
Date(s) and location(s): 26 July, 2024 – Engelmann Woods Natural Area, Franklin County, MO; Tyson Research Center, St. Louis County, MO
Notes: This species and other, more rare species of swallowtails may be facing problems in the future with the introduction of laurel wilt, caused by the fungus Raffaelea lauricola, which is vectored by the redbay ambrosia beetle (RAB), Xyleborus glabratus. These nonnative species were first discovered in the southeastern U.S. in 2002. Since then this disease and its vectoring insect have been documented in 11 southeastern states and have killed millions of plants in the laurel family, which include sassafras and spicebush. Laurel wilt has not yet been reported in Missouri, but has been confirmed in the neighboring states of Tennessee, Kentucky, and Arkansas. Winter temperatures could perhaps keep this disease from spreading north into Missouri, but warmer winters associated with climate change are not promising.